Monday Dec. 3

Mammalian Kidney

-The 2 kidneys have 1,000,000 nephrons each inside them.
-The Nephron filter out urea and other solutes
-the blood leading to the kidneys is from the inferior vena cava
-an animals blood pressure forces the blood into the glomerulus forcing out the liquid and small solutes in the blood.
-too high of blood pressure in this region is hypertension which causes kidney damage
-the glomerulus is a ball of capilaries surrounded by the bowmans capsule which collects the liquid from the blood
-the bowmans capsule then leads to the loop of henle.
-the descending loop of henle reabsorbs h2o
-the ascending loop reabsorbs salts and pumps cl- that it followed by na+ due to unlike charge attraction.
-the collecting duct reabsorbs h2o and urea is passed through the bladder

-diffusion is used in the nephron whenever possible, water is never moved by active transport because it is unnecessary energy use

Whats left in the blood if all the liquid is squeezed out in the glomerulus?
-cells and proteins are too big to fit diffuse through the capillaries

Whats excreted?
-highly concentrated urea, excess h2o, excess solutes (salts and glucose)